HomeBHS WebsiteCalendarAP Biology10th Grade BiologyStudy HallBiology LinksOnline Biology DictionaryPeriodic TableTeacher's Lounge ScienceCampbell Biology WebsiteCollege Board*Testing CenterChapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy p. 155
q Cellular respiration and fermentation are
catabolic (energy yielding) pathways
o Fermentation
o Cellular Respiration
o Other organic molecules that be consumed as fuel include
o Chemical equation for cellular respiration
o Exergonic delta G
o Figure 9.1 p. 156
q Cells must recycle the ATP they use for work p. 156
o ATP structure
o Phosphorylation
o Inorganic phosphate
o Figure 9.2 p. 157
q Redox reactions release energy when electrons move closer to electronegative atoms p. 156
o Oxidation-reduction reactions
o Oxidation
o Reduction
o Review redox reactions examples on p. 157
o Reducing agent
o Oxidizing agent
o Electronegative atoms
o OIL RIG
o Figure 9.3 p. 157
q Electrons “fall” from organic molecules to oxygen during cellular respiration p. 158
o Cellular Respiration equation viewed as a redox reactions
o Where is the reservoir of electrons in the main energy foods?
o Why is the barrier of activation energy important in cellular respiration?
o The combustion of glucose releases how much energy?
q The “fall” of electrons during respiration is stepwise, via NAD+ and an electron transport chain .p. 158
o NAD+ (purpose)
§ Figure 9.4 p. 159
o Dehydrogenase
o Differences between NAD+ and NADH
o Figure 9.5 p. 159
o Electron transport chain
o Slowly releasing the electrons from glucose through the electron transport generates how much energy per “step”?
o What molecule is generated at the end of the electron transport chain?
q Respiration involves glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport p. 160
o Figure 9.6 p. 160
o Glycolysis
o Krebs Cycle
o Oxidative Phosphorylation
o Substrate-level Phosphorylation
§ Figure 9.7 p. 161
§ Pyruvate
q Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate p. 161
o Glycolysis: 2 Phases
o Where does glycolysis take place?
o Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic? Why important?
o Review pages 162-163 Figure 9.9
o Energy-investment phase and Energy-yielding phase See Figure 9.8 p. 161
§ Note Inputs and Outputs
q The Krebs cycle completes the energy-yielding oxidation of organic molecules p. 161
o Figure 9.10 p. 164 …what are the 3 steps of this junction?
o Acetyl CoA formation: Why is this step needed?
o Coenzyme A
o What is acetate?
o Figure 9.11 p. 165 Krebs Cycle
§ You will need to know this cycle. I will provide additional material to help.
§ Krebs cycle
· Inputs
· Outputs
· Location
· Regeneration of the Krebs Cycle
· Figure 9. 12 p. 166 Summary of the Krebs Cycle
q The inner mitochondrial membrane couples electron transport to ATP synthesis p. 164
o Pathway of electron transport
§ Inputs
§ Outputs
§ Location
§ Cytochromes9(cyt)
§ FADH2
§ ½ O2
§ Figure 9.13 p. 166
o Chemiosmosis: The energy-coupling mechanisms p. 167
§ ATP synthase
· Location
· Purpose
§ Chemisomosis
· Purpose
· location
§ proton-motive force
§ Figure 9. 14 p. 167
§ Figure 9. 15 p. 168
q Cellular respiration generates many ATP molecules for each sugar molecule it oxidizes p. 169
o Figure 9. 16 p. 169 Be able to explain this figure
o Energy flow sequence
o Amount of ATP produced where and how
q Related Metabolic Processes p. 170
q Fermentation enables some cells to produce ATP without the help of oxygen p. 170
o Aerobic
o Anaerobic
o Why is fermentation important?
o Alcohol fermentation
o Lactic acid fermentation
o Figure 9.17 p. 171
o Figure 9. 18 p. 171
o Fermentation and respiration compared p. 170
§ Compare energy produced
§ Final electron acceptors
§ Location of each
o Facultative anaerobes
o The evolutionary significance of Glycolysis
q Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle connect to many other metabolic pathways p. 172
q The versatility of catabolism
· What are other sources of energy other than glucose?
· What are some sources of glucose?
· Beta oxidation
· What is the best source of fuel?
q Biosynthesis (Anabolic pathways) p. 172
· Why must not all food be used as a fuel soruce?
q Feedback mechanisms control cellular respiration p. 173
o Figure 9.20 p. 173
o Feedback inhibition, how does it work in cellular respiration?
§ Role ATP and ADP
§ Role of Phosphofructokinase
§ The Krebs cycle was known as the citric cycle, Why?
Self Quiz p. 175