Chapter 6 An introduction to Metabolism p. 89

 

The chemistry of life is organized into metabolic pathways p. 89

·        Metabolism

 

 

 

·        catabolic pathways

 

 

 

 

·        anabolic pathways

 

 

 

Organisms transform energy p. 90

·        kinetic energy

 

 

 

·        potential energy

 

 

 

·        State an example of the relationship between kinetic and potential energy.

 

 

 

 

The energy transformations of life are subject to two laws of thermodynamics p. 91

·        thermodynamics

 

 

 

·        First law of thermodynamics

 

 

 

·        second law of thermodynamics

 

 

 

·        entropy

·        energy is eventually converted to heat…..

 

 

Organisms live at the expense of free energy

·        define spontaneous process

 

 

 

·        what occurs as a result of a spontaneous process

 

 

 

·        Free energy(be able to define and explain)

 

 

 

·        formula for free energy

 

 

·        What is the relationship between free energy and equilibrium?

 

 

 

·        exergonic reactions

 

 

·        endergonic reactions

 

 

Figure 6.4 p. 94

 

·        metabolic disequilibrium

 

 

Figure 6.5 p. 95

 

 

·        energy coupling

 

 

·        what is ATP?

 

 

 

3 main kinds of work performed by a cell

            1.

 

            2.

 

            3.

 

·        ATP is closely related to …?

know the structure of ATP Figure 6.6 p. 96

·        What is removed from ATP when hydrolyzed?

 

 

·        What is the resulting molecule?

 

 

·        Under “standard conditions” what is the energy change?

 

 

How ATP performs work(explain) p. 98

 

 

 

·        phosphorylated intermediate

 

 

Figure 6.7 p. 96

 

The regeneration of ATP(explain) p. 98

 

 

 

Figure 6.8 p. 97

 

 

Enzymes speed up metabolic reactions by lowering energy barriers p. 97

·        Enzyme(explain how they work)

 

 

 

·        catalyst

 

 

·        free energy of activation or activation energy

 

 

 

figure 6.9 p. 98

 

 

figure 6.10 p.98

 

Enzymes are substrate-specific p. 98

·        Explain the relationship between an en enzyme and a substrate(enzyme-substrate complex)

 

 

 

 

·        active site

 

 

 

·        induced fit

 

 

 

figure 6.11 p.99

 

 

 

figure 6.12 p. 100

 

 

 

A cell’s chemical and physical environment affects enzyme activity p. 100

·         What are the effects of temperature and pH? enzyme concentration?

 

 

 

Figure 6.13 p. 101

·        Cofactors

 

 

 

Enzyme Inhibitors

figure 6.14 p. 102

 

 

·        competitive inhibitors

 

 

·        noncompetitive inhibitors

 

 

·        allosteric regulation

 

 

·        allosteric site

 

 

·        cooperativity

 

Metabolic order emerges from the cell’s regulatory systems and structural organization p. 103

·        What is regulation of metabolic pathways important?

 

 

 

·        Feedback inhibition

 

 

 

figure 6.15 p. 103

 

 

 

figure 6.16 p. 104

 

 

 

 

The theme of emergent properties is manifest in the chemistry of life p. 103

·        Read….understand?