Chapter 54  Ecosystems p. 1198

Trophic structure determines an ecosystem’s routes of energy flow and chemical cycling p. 1199

·        Trophic structure

·        Trophic levels

·        Primary producers

·        Primary consumers

·        Secondary consumers

·        Tertiary consumers

·        Decomposers (detritivores)

·        Food chain

·        Food web

·        Biomass

The laws of physics and chemistry apply for ecosystems p. 1200

·        Read this section

Primary production in ecosystems p. 1200

·        gross primary production

·        net primary production

·        biomass

·        limiting nutrient (p. 1203)

Pyramids of Production p. 1206

·        read this section

pyramids of Biomass p. 1206

·        read this section

·        Figure 54.11 p. 1207

·        Figures 54.12 and 54.13 p. 1207

The water cycle p. 1209

·        Figure 54.16 p.p.1210

The carbon cycle p. 1211

·        Figure 54.17 p. 1211

The nitrogen cycle p.1211

·        Figure 54.18 p. 1211

The phosphorus cycle p. 1212

·        Figure 54.19 p. 1212