Chapter 3 Water and the fitness of the environment p. 41

The polarity of water molecules result in hydrogen bonding p. 41

• What type of bond holds water molecules together with other water molecules?
• The emergent properties of water are a result of………

4 properties of water

Organisms depend on the cohesion of water molecules p. 42

• Cohesion

Cohesion contributes to……

• Figure 3.1 p. 42

• Adhesion
• Role of adhesion
• Surface tension

 

Water contributes to Earth’s habitability by moderating temperatures p. 43

• How does water stabilize air temperature?
• Why is water an effective heat bank?
• Kinetic temperature
• Heat
• Temperature
• Be able to explain the difference between heat and temperature
• Be able to explain the movement of heat from one object to another
• Celsius Scale
• Calorie
• Joule

 

Specific heat p. 44

• Heat must be absorbed in order to break hydrogen bonds
• Heat must be released to form hydrogen bonds
• What is the relevance of water’s high specific heat to life on Earth?

Evaporative cooling p.44

• Vaporization
• Heat of vaporization
• Water’s high heat of vaporization helps moderate Earth’s climate
• Evaporative cooling
• Evaporative cooling of water contributes to the …….

 

Oceans and lakes don’t freeze solid because ice float p. 45

• Why does ice float?
• Why is it important that ice floats?

Water is the solvent of life p. 46

• Solution
• Solvent
• Solute
• Aqueous solution
• What is meant by “solvent of life”

Hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances p. 47

• Hydrophilic
• Affinity
• Hydrophobic (examples)

Solute concentration in Aqueous solutions p. 47

• Mole
• Molecular weight( be able to calculate)
• Molarity

 

Organisms are sensitive to changes in pH  p. 48

• Hydrogen ion
• Hydroxide ion
• Hydronium ion
• Acid
• Base
• Carbonic acid------ bicarbonate----- hydrogen ion
• pH scale
• pH = -log[H+]
• buffers
• How does a buffer work?

Acid precipitation threatens the fitness of the environment p. 50

Self-Quiz 1- 10 p. 51