Chapter 17 From Gene to Protein p. 303

One gene-one polypeptide p. 304

·        WHAT DOES ONE GENE-ONE POLYPEPTIDE MEAN?

Transcription and translation are the two main steps from gene to protein p. 304

·        WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DNA AND RNA?

·        TRANSCPITION

·        TRANSLATION

·        MESSENGER rna

·        Figure 17.2 p. 306

 

In the genetic code, NUCLEOTIDE triplets specify amino acid p. 306

·        TRIPLET CODE

·        TEMPLATE STRAND

·        CODON

·        FIGURE 17.3  P. 307

 

Cracking the Genetic code p. 307

·        Figure 17.4 p. 308 The dictionary of the genetic code

·        Reading code

·        reading frame

·        What is the start signal?

 

The genetic code must have evolved very early in the history of life p. 308

• Read… Why is it significant?

 

Transcription is the DNA-directed synthesis of RNA p. 309

·        Role of mRNA

·        RNA polymerase

·        Which direction can RNA polymerases add nucleotides?

·        Three key steps in transcription

·        promoter

·        terminator

·        transcription unit

·        Figure 17.6 p. 309

 

RNA polymerase binding and initiation of transcription p. 310

·        transcription factors

·        transcription initiation complex

·        tata box

Elongation of the RNA strand p. 310

·        read…summary

Termination of transcription p. 306

·        Termination site

Alteration of mRNA Ends p. 311

·        5’ cap

·        poly(A) tail

Split Genes and RNA Splicing p. 311

·        RNA splicing

·        introns

·        exons

·        snRNPs

·        splicesome

·        ribozymes

The Functional and Evolutionary Importance of Introns p. 313

Read

Translation is the RNA-directed synthesis of a polypeptide p. 313

·        TRNA

·        Anticodon

·        Figure 17.12 p. 314 Translation: the basic concept

The structure and function of transfer RNA p. 314

·        Figure 17.13 p. 315 The structure of tRNA

 

 

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases p. 315

·        What is the function of Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases?

·        Figure 17.14 p. 315

·        Ribosomes p. 316

·        What is the function and general shape of a ribosome?

·        A site

·        P site

·        rRNA

·        Figure 17.15 The anatomy of a ribosome p. 316

 

 

 

 

Building a polypeptide p. 317

·        Three stages

·        Initiation

·        Elongation

·        Termination

·        Figure 17.17 p. 317

·        Figure 17.18 p. 318 The elongation cycle of translation

·        Figure 17.19 p. 319

Polyribosomes p. 319

·        Define

From polypeptide to functional protein p. 312

·        This section is a review of protein conformation see notes Chapter 5

 

Signal peptides target some eukaryotic polypeptides tro specific destinations in the cell p. 320

·        Signal peptide

RNA plays multiple roles in the cell p. 321

Table 17.1 p. 321

 

 

Comparing protein synthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes p. 321

Omit

 

A point mutation can affect protein structure and function  p. 322

·        Mutation

·        Point mutations

·        Figure 17.23 p. 322

 

 

Types of point mutations p. 322

·        Substitution

·        Base-pair

·        Missense mutation

·        Nonsense mutation

·        Insertions

·        Deletions

·        frameshift mutations

·        Figure 17.24 p. 323

·        mutagens

·        Figure 17.25 A summary of transcription and translation in eukaryotes. P. 324

 

 

 

·        Self quiz p. 322