Chapter 16 The Molecular Basis of Inheritance p. 287

 

The search for the genetic material led to DNA p. 287

·         What two substances were thought to be the molecules of inheitance?

 

Evidence that DNA can transform Bacteria p. 288

·        Fredrick Griffith

·        figure 16.1 p. 288

·        transformation

Evidence that Viral DNA can program cells p. 288

·        bacteriophages (phages)

·        Hershey and Chase

·        Figure 16.2 p. 289

Additional evidence that DNA is the genetic material of cells p. 290

·        Erwin Chargaff and the ratio of nucleotide bases

·        Figure 16.3 p. 290

Watson and Crick discovered the double helix by building models to conform to X-ray data p. 290

·        Rosalind Franklin

·        Double Helix

·        Figure 16.5 p.291

·        Why must a purine and a pyrimidine match up?

·        What kind of bond is formed between nitrogen bases?

·        Figure 16.6 p. 292

During DNA replication, base pairing enables existing DNA strands to serve as templates for new complementary strands p. 293

·        Figure 16.7 DNA replication: the basic concept

·        semiconservative model

·        Figure 16.8 p. 294

·        Meselson and Stahl

A large team of enzymes and other proteins functions in DNA replication p. 295

·        Interesting introduction….read

Getting started: origins of replication p. 295

·        Origins of replication

·        replication fork

·        Figure 16.10 p. 295

Elongating a new DNA strand p. 295

·        DNA polymerase

·        Nucleoside triphosphate

·        Figure 16.11 p. 296

 

The antiparallel Arrangement of the DNA strands p. 296

·        Figure 16.11 Incorporation OF A nucleotide into a DNA strand p. 296

·        What does antiparallel mean?

·        Figure 16.12 p. 296 The two strands of DNA are antiparallel

·        Leading strand

·        Lagging strand

·        DNA ligase

·        Okazaki fragments

Priming DNA synthesis p. 297

·        primer

·        primase

·        Figure 16.13 p. 297

·        Figure 16.14 p. 297

Other proteins assisting DNA replication p. 297

·        helicase

·        single-strand binding proteins

·        Figure 16.15 p. 298

·        Figure 16.16 p. 298 A summary of DNA replication

Enzymes proofread DNA during its replication and repair damage in existing DNA p. 299

·        Mismatch repair

·        the role of DNA polmerase

·        nuclease

·        nucleotide excision repair

·        Figure 16.17 p. 299

·        exicison repair

·        telomeres

·        telomerase

Self quiz p. 301