Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea p. 247

Mendel brought an experimental and quantitative approach p. 247

·        Gregor Mendel: What did he accomplish?

·        Character

·        Trait

·        True-breeding

·        Hybridization

·        Monohybrid cross

·        Monohybrid ratio

·        P generation

·        F₁ generation

·        F₂ generation

By the law of segregation, the two alleles for a character are packaged into separate gametes. P. 249

·        4 hypothesis developed by Mendel

 

 

 

 

 

·        allele

·        dominant allele

·        recessive allele

·        Law of segregation

·        Punnett Square

·        Figure 14.2 p. 249

·        Figure 14.3 p. 249

·        Figure 14.4 p. 251

·        Table 14.1 p. 250

Some Useful genetics vocabulary p. 251

·        Homozygous

·        Heterozygous

·        Phenotype

·        Genotype

·        Figure 14.5 p. 252

The Testcross p. 252

·        Define:

·        Figure 14.6 p. 252

 

 

By the law of independent assortment, each pair of alleles segregates into gametes independently p. 252

·        Monohybrids

·        Dihybrid

·        Figure 14.7 p. 253

·        Ratio

·        Law of independent assortment

Mendelian inheritance reflects rules of probability p. 254

·        Probability

·        Figure 14.8 p. 254

 

The rule of multiplication p. 254

·        Be able to apply

 

The rule of addition p. 255

·        Be able to apply

Using Rules of probability to solve genetics problems p. 255

·        Be able to apply

Mendel discovered the particulate behavior of genes. P. 255

·        Why is it important to count so many offspring when making predications?

 

 

The relationship between genotype and phenotype is rarely simple p. 255 Read

Incomplete Dominance p. 256

·        Define

·        Figure 14.9 p. 256

 

What is a dominant allele? p. 256

·        Complete dominance

·        Codominance

·        Know examples:

·        Blood typing

·        Tay Sachs

·        Wrinkled vs smooth peas

·        Polydactyl

·        3 important points about dominant/recessiveness relationships

 

Multiple Alleles p. 257

·        Define

·        Blood groups

·        Figure 14.10 p. 257

 

Pleiotropy p. 258

·        Define

·        Example

·        Figure 13.11 p. 250

Epistasis p. 258

·        Define

·        Example

·        Figure 14.11 p. 258

 

Polygenic inheritance p. 258

·        Define

·        Example

·        Quantitative characters

·        Figure 14.12p. 259

 

Nature versus Nurture: The environmental impact on phenotype p. 259

·        Read: Have an awareness of the debate

·        Norm of reaction

·        Multifactorial

·        Figure 14.13 p. 259

Integrating a Mendelian view of heredity and variation p. 260

Read

 

 

Pedigree analysis reveals Mendelian patterns in human inheritance P. 260

·        Define(purpose)

·        Figure 14.14 p. 261

·        Be able to read and construct a pedigree.

Many human disorders follow Mendelian patterns of inheritance p. 261

Recessively inherited disorders p. 261

·        What is a recessively inherited disorder? When is it expressed?

·        Know examples

·        Cystic fibrosis

·        Tay-sachs disease

·        Sickle-cell disease

·        Figure 14.15 p. 262

Dominantly inherited disorders p. 263

·        Why are lethal dominant alleles less common than lethal recessive?

·        Huntington’s disease

Multifactorial Disorders p. 264

·        What does Multifactorial Disorders mean?

·        Examples

Technology is providing new tools for genetic testing and counseling p. 264

·        Read

Carrier recognition p. 264

·        Explain

Fetal testing p. 264

·        Amniocentesis

·        Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

·        Figure 14.17 p. 265

 

Newborn screening p. 266